四川省部分地区山羊沙门氏菌健康带菌率及耐药性调查

为了解四川省山羊沙门氏菌带菌情况,本试验采集了四川省部分地区5个规模化山羊养殖场表观健康山羊粪便196份,经BPW预增菌、TTB选择性增菌后,采用靶向invA基因的PCR方法检测沙门氏菌的带菌率;对阳性样本进行细菌分离鉴定,随机选择25株沙门氏菌分离株测定其对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,山羊沙门氏菌的平均带菌率为54.59%。药敏试验结果显示,分离株均对丁胺卡那敏感,而对其余14种抗菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,多重耐药菌株占88%,其中耐2~7种药物的占52%,耐9~13种药物的占36%。结果表明,四川省部分地区山羊的沙门氏菌健康带菌率较高,且多重耐药性普遍,其公共卫生意义值得进一步研究。     

扶正解毒散及其超微粉体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒药效比较

采用鸡胚法和细胞法2种体外抗病毒试验比较扶正解毒超微粉(FZSM)和扶正解毒散(FZ)的抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)效果。鸡胚法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定2种煎煮液对IBDV ELD50的影响。细胞法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,加入到长成单层的CEF中继续培养,观察并统计各孔的细胞病变(CPE)。结果显示,FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液均可以降低IBDV的病毒滴度和CPE抑制率,高浓度效果优于低浓度;同浓度FZSM效果优于FZ;预防作用效果优于治疗作用效果。结果表明FZSM和FZ均具有体外抗IBDV的作用,且FZSM效果优于FZ。     

The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Prion Research

Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the accumulation of a misfolded protein (PrP^res), the pathological form of the cellular prion protein (PrP^C). For the last decades, prion research has greatly progressed, but many questions need to be solved about prion replication mechanisms, cell toxicity, differences in genetic susceptibility, species barrier or the nature of prion strains. These studies can be developed in murine models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, although development of cell models for prion replication and sample titration could reduce economic and timing costs and also serve for basic research and treatment testing. Some murine cell lines can replicate scrapie strains previously adapted in mice and very few show the toxic effects of prion accumulation. Brain cell primary cultures can be more accurate models but are difficult to develop in naturally susceptible species like humans or domestic ruminants. Stem cells can be differentiated into neuron‐like cells and be infected by prions. However, the use of embryo stem cells causes ethical problems in humans. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from many adult tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue or even peripheral blood. These cells differentiate into neuronal cells, express PrP^C and can be infected by prions in vitro. In addition, in the last years, these cells are being used to develop therapies for many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. We review here the use of cell models in prion research with a special interest in the potential use of MSCs.     

The face of conservation responding to a dynamically changing world

In its 40‐year history, the science of conservation has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of environmental damage and rapid global change, and environmental problems are only increasing as greater demands are placed on limited natural resources. Conservation science has been adapting to keep pace with these changes. Here, we highlight contemporary and emerging trends and innovations in conservation science that we believe represent the most effective responses to biodiversity threats. We focus on specific areas where conservation science has had to adjust its approach to address emerging threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction and degradation, climate change, declining populations and invasive species. We also document changes in attitudes, norms and practices among conservation scientists. A key component to success is engaging and maintaining public support for conservation, which can be facilitated through the use of technology. These recent trends in conservation and management are innovative and will assist in optimizing conservation strategies, increasing our leverage with the general public and tackling our current environmental challenges.     

森林人家休闲健康旅游发展对策

从创新休闲模式,提升产业结构的理念出发,提出发展森林人家亟待解决的问题和对策。     

中国伊犁天山野果林区系表征地理成分及区系发生的研究

对中国伊犁天山野果林表征植物的组成、特点及性质进行了系统的研究,探讨野果林的来源和发展,结果表明:野果林区系成分是多元的,各类成分在此相互渗透,分布区重叠,使野果林区系没有绝对的本地特色.其中温带成分占有最高的比例(33.33%);西伯利亚-天山过渡成分(17.54%)是野果林植物区系连接北方安加拉(西伯利亚)植物区系的桥梁;天山-沿喜马拉雅成分(10.53%)又把野果林与华夏植物区系紧密联系在一起;新疆的大部分地区过去曾是特提斯海(Tethys)的一部分,所以现代野果林植被仍保留有古地中海成分的残迹(5.25%);天山是新疆境内植物属种最为丰富的地区,天山成分在各分布区类型中的比值也最高(33.33%),尤其是东天山特有的成分,则代表着野果林的土著部分,这一成分无疑是本地发生的适生种.野果林的区系发生是多方面的,主要有安加拉成分、古北极成分、古地中海成分、华夏区系成分和新疆本土成分.     

城镇生态绿地建设与发展思路

论述了城镇绿地的作用与生态功能,分析了浙江省城镇绿化发展现状,提出城市生态绿地、小城镇和城郊结合部生态绿地、村庄及平原生态绿地的发展思路.     

中国沙棘种群克隆生长的时空动态特征

中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamniodes)能通过分株的出生与死亡来调节种群的数量和结构,其极强的克隆繁殖能力在维持种群稳定性方面起了积极的作用。文章根据多年来的研究成果,分析了中国沙棘在结构动态、数量动态、生物量动态、生长格局动态等空间动态及时间动态特征,以其为沙棘的开发利用提供参考。     

冀北山地华北落叶松人工林对降水截留效应的初步研究

在冀北山地华北落叶松集中分布的地区,利用对降水在林分中的样地进行定位观测的方法,研究了该地区主要造林树种华北落叶松对降水的截留效应。据2002-2005年的连续观测,结果表明:华北落叶松林冠平均截留率为23.6%,树干茎流率占大气降水量的3.7%,枯枝落叶层的截留率为10.2%。说明华北落叶松在冀北山地发挥了巨大的水文生态作用。     

观赏植物组培与辐射结合育种研究进展

综合分析了组培与辐射结合育种方式的优点,对这种复合育种方式在观赏植物上的应用进行了分析归纳。总结出组培与辐射结合育种体系的基本技术路线,指出不同植物、不同材料的辐射效果的差异,并列出一些供育种者参考辐射剂量。最后分析了以后的研究方向。